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Princeton University Press

S. Frederick Starr

Lost Enlightenment

Central Asia's Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane

S. Frederick Starr's monumental look at the forgotten Enlightenment of Central Asia in his new book

 

In this sweeping and richly illustrated history, S. Frederick Starr tells the fascinating but largely unknown story of Central Asia's medieval enlightenment through the eventful lives and astonishing accomplishments of its greatest minds--remarkable figures who built a bridge to the modern world. Because nearly all of these figures wrote in Arabic, they were long assumed to have been Arabs. In fact, they were from Central Asia--drawn from the Persianate and Turkic peoples of a region that today extends from Kazakhstan southward through Afghanistan, and from the easternmost province of Iran through Xinjiang, China.

Lost Enlightenment recounts how, between the years 800 and 1200, Central Asia led the world in trade and economic development, the size and sophistication of its cities, the refinement of its arts, and, above all, in the advancement of knowledge in many fields. Central Asians achieved signal breakthroughs in astronomy, mathematics, geology, medicine, chemistry, music, social science, philosophy, and theology, among other subjects. They gave algebra its name, calculated the earth's diameter with unprecedented precision, wrote the books that later defined European medicine, and penned some of the world's greatest poetry. One scholar, working in Afghanistan, even predicted the existence of North and South America--five centuries before Columbus. Rarely in history has a more impressive group of polymaths appeared at one place and time. No wonder that their writings influenced European culture from the time of St. Thomas Aquinas down to the scientific revolution, and had a similarly deep impact in India and much of Asia.

Lost Enlightenment chronicles this forgotten age of achievement, seeks to explain its rise, and explores the competing theories about the cause of its eventual demise. Informed by the latest scholarship yet written in a lively and accessible style, this is a book that will surprise general readers and specialists alike.

S. Frederick Starr is founding chairman of the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program, a research and policy center affiliated with the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and the Institute for Security and Development Policy in Stockholm. A past president of Oberlin College and the Aspen Institute, he began his career in classical archaeology, excavating at Gordium in modern Turkey and mapping the Persian Royal Road.

Review:

 "Starr argues rightly that the region's brilliant culture rested on a highly cosmopolitan mix of ethnic groups, languages and religions; a long, rich pre-Islamic intellectual tradition (mainly Buddhist); and prosperity. . . . Starr shines in his core chapters, where he presents the great achievements of the Central Asian philosopher-scientists at a time when their homeland was the creative intellectual capital of the world."--Nature

Many think of Central Asia today

as a desolate, dusty, backwater region inhospitable to learning, high culture, thriving cities, or robust commerce. But as S. Frederick  Starr, former president of the Aspen Institute, conveys in his sweeping and richly illustrated new book LOST ENLIGHTENMENT: Central Asia's Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane, Central Asia had its own age of flourishing between 800 and 1200 C.E., with its effects still rippling  through the modern era.

Recreating the world of Silk Road era Central Asia for the reader, Starr reveals this largely unknown story through the eventful lives and astonishing accomplishments of its greatest minds. This vast region - streching from modern day Kazakhstan  southward through Afghanistan, and from the easternmost province of Iran through Xinjiang, China - at the time led the world in trade and economic development, the size and sophistication of its cities, the refinement of its arts, and above all, in the advancement of knowledge in many fields. Central Asians achieved signal breakthroughs in astronomy, mathematics, geology, medicine, chemistry, music, social science, philosophy, and theology, among other subjects. They gave algebra its name, calculated the earth's diameter with unprecedented precision, wrote the books that later defined European medicine, and penned some of the world's greatest poetry. One scholar, working in Afghanistan, even predicted the existence of North and South America - five centuries before Columbus.

LOST ENLIGHTENMENT chronicles this overlooked age of achievement, seeks to explain its rise, and explores the competing about the cause of its eventual demise. Informed by the latest scholarship yet written in a lively and accessible style, this book will suprise general readers and specialists alike.

www.press.princeton.edu

Princeton University Press
S. Frederick Starr, Lost Enlightement: Central Asia's Golden Age From The Arab Conquest To Tamerlane, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2013

 To strive for knowledge is the duty of every Muslim.

- Saying or Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad, recorded in the tenth century by the scholar Abu Isa Muhammad Tirmidhi (824-892) from Tirmidh (Termez), and inscribed at the entrance to the madrasa of Ulughbeg, ruler and astronomer, Samarkand, ca 1420.

Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom.  And with all thy getting, get understanding.

- Bible, Proverbs 4.7, King James Version

Endorsement:

 "Lost Enlightenment brilliantly re-creates for us the world of Central Asia, which for centuries was not a backwater but a center of world civilization. With a sure mastery of the large historical sweep as well as an eye for detail, Fred Starr has written an important book that will be a resource for years to come."--Francis Fukuyama, author of The Origins of Political Order

"For more than three hundred years the Islamic world exercised the scientific and philosophical mastery of Europe. With compelling urgency and lucidity, Lost Enlightenment tells the story of the rise and tragic demise of this golden age of Islamic learning in Central Asia. It is a story whose lesson we should never be allowed to forget."--Anthony Pagden, author of The Enlightenment: And Why It Still Matters

"From 800 to 1200, Central Asia was the world's most advanced civilization in the sciences, mathematics, medicine, law, and art. Starr's Lost Enlightenment thoughtfully explains this astonishing evolution and its end."--Henry A. Kissinger

 

"Fred Starr makes the most persuasive case yet that medieval Central Asia was a major center of civilization and high culture--and what a picture emerges."--Richard W. Bulliet, Columbia University

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